Follow us on social

Shutterstock_2133065873-scaled

Ukraine war is causing a commodities 'super cycle' and likely global food crisis

Wheat, corn, and sunflower oil have already hit record high prices. Here is what happens if Russia decides to weaponize them.

Analysis | Europe

Energy prices are soaring to levels not seen in a decade. Media attention has rightly focused on the price that consumers are paying at the gas pump, but there has been less of a spotlight on the price of “soft” commodities such as wheat, corn, and sunflower oil, all of which hit record highs since the Russian invasion of Ukraine

These commodities are essential to human consumption from everything to bread that we eat and the food that animals such as cows, chickens, and pigs consume, and are sources of protein for many in the world.

Already reeling from a supply chain that has been wrecked by the COVID-19 pandemic and runaway inflation, consumers are about to face a commodities super cycle that will see the price of essential “kitchen table” items — like a box of cereal or a loaf of bread — soar. Here is why: Russia and Ukraine are so called “breadbasket” countries. Russia is the top exporter of wheat worldwide; it accounts for 20 percent of global supply. 

Meanwhile, Ukraine is the sixth top exporter of wheat and produces about 8 percent of global supply. Ukraine is blessed with black soil known as “chernozem” and is the world’s leader in sunflower oil and a top 10 exporter of corn, rapeseed, and barley. Europe, the Middle East, and China are leading destinations for Russia and Ukraine agri-commodities.  

The commodities markets are pricing in this conflict and the signs point to prices we have never seen for food that is necessary for global consumption. The benchmark UN food price index has hit a record high, rising by 40 percent since the pandemic began. Meanwhile, wheat prices closed at record highs on the Chicago Board of Trade last week. Corn, Soybean, and Sunflower oil are not too far behind. 

The populations that will suffer the most are those in poorer countries such as Pakistan, Bangladesh, Egypt, Lebanon, and Morocco, which get over 40 percent of their corn and wheat from the Black Sea region. As the UN report states, “These countries are already grappling with hunger issues and where further food shortages and price increases could stoke social unrest.” As for the consequences of this situation, one only needs to look at the role the rise in food prices from 2007-2010 played in stoking the Arab Uprising. 

As Russia’s war machine continues to press its campaign in Ukraine, and the United States and Europe continue to pile on sanctions, it is very likely that the Kremlin will weaponize the food chain to pressure its adversaries and remind them of the sway Moscow holds over the commodities market. Even though there are no EU or U.S. sanctions on Russian commodities exports, the West has shut down Russia’s access to banking and technology. Therefore the Kremlin will become more protectionist and make it difficult for the private sector to export goods like wheat, corn, and fertilizer (of which Russia is a top 5 producer). Already Moscow has announced an embargo on wheat to its poor neighbors in the Eurasian Economic Union and put an export ban on potash and phosphates-essential ingredients in fertilizer to the outside world. 

While the United States and its allies can take comfort in “un-plugging” Russia from the global economy for its aggression in Ukraine, the risks of pulling the world into a global recession, a food crisis, and social unrest are rising. Sanctions of this scale have been used on countries such as Iran, Venezuela, and North Korea in the past, but they are small players in the global economy.

The world can adjust quickly to life without Iranian and Venezuelan oil, but an economy of the size and scale of Russia which produces many of the commodities that we use and consume in everyday life is unprecedented. We are truly in uncharted waters and seemingly unprepared for the consequences.

Because Europe lacks alternative energy sources, Western sanctions have so far left the lifeblood of the Russian economy mostly untouched — its ability to export oil and gas to Europe and for  Russian banks that process those payments. But it doesn’t appear that similar consideration has been given to the consequences of Russia no longer being part of the global food supply chain. 

Americans and Europeans aren’t accustomed to the after effects of sanctions against rogue states because they are in distant lands and have no direct impact on their everyday lives. Iran and North Korea’s ability to rattle the global economy is a nuisance. Russia can and has clapped back, and soon families in the United States and Europe will be having discussions  about the high  prices of corn flakes, bread, and meat. For many of us, it will be a crash course on the impact of sanctions  


Image: Volodymyr Burdiak via shutterstock.com
Analysis | Europe
Modi Xi Jinping India China
Top photo credit: Chinese President Xi Jinping and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi shake hands as they visit the Hubei Provincial Museum in Wuhan, Hubei province, China April 27, 2018. China Daily via REUTERS/File Photo

A China-India warming trend? Not so fast.

Asia-Pacific

This past June marks five years since the Galwan Valley incident, when a series of tense standoffs along disputed areas of the China-India border erupted in a bloody melee that resulted in the deaths of at least 20 Indian soldiers and an unknown number of Chinese casualties.

As a result, China-India bilateral relations sank to their lowest point in decades, and many observers expressed grave concern about the potential for a wider conflict between the two nuclear-armed powers.

keep readingShow less
Trump Putin NATO
Top photo credit: Donald Trump (drop of light/shutterstock); NATO flag (Alexandros Michailidis/shutterstock) ; Vladimir Putin (Richard Juilliart/Shutterstock)

No NATO for Ukraine is key to jumpstarting stalled talks

Europe

Bringing peace to Ukraine has obviously proved more difficult than President Trump imagined when he pledged to end the conflict in a day. Some six months into his term, a settlement seems far from imminent.

Visibly frustrated, Trump has openly criticized Russian President Putin, revived military support for Ukraine, and threatened to intensify economic pressure on Russia.

keep readingShow less
Trump is blasting away at Somalia with zero effect
Residents look at the scene of an al Qaeda-linked al Shabaab group militant attack, in Mogadishu, Somalia August 21, 2022. REUTERS/Feisal Omar

Trump is blasting away at Somalia with zero effect

Africa

Despite a number of foreign actors, including the United States, using kinetic military strikes and contributing military resources to Somalia for the past many years in an ostensible effort to improve the Somali security situation, both ISIS and al-Shabaab are expanding their territory and continuing to threaten the country’s peace and security.

Years of heavy bombardment have failed to eliminate the security threat, and have instead helped spark collaboration between these groups and the Houthis, which are now contributing resources to help the terrorist organizations advance their goals in Somalia. All the while, the conflict is turning into a diplomatic mess, creating new scuffles amongst regional actors.

keep readingShow less

LATEST

QIOSK

Newsletter

Subscribe now to our weekly round-up and don't miss a beat with your favorite RS contributors and reporters, as well as staff analysis, opinion, and news promoting a positive, non-partisan vision of U.S. foreign policy.