Follow us on social

Stamp

What will be the casus belli for war with China?

From the sinking of the Maine to Saddam's WMDs, there's usually a ginned-up event behind every destructive US war.

Analysis | Asia-Pacific

In one of the great scenes in the movie Citizen Kane, newspaper publisher Charles Kane, in desperate need of headlines to boost circulation, decides a patriotic war would be just the thing. When his reporters fail to find evidence of imminent hostilities, Kane famously bellows "You provide the prose, I'll provide the war!"

Kane is directly modeled after the real-life William Randolph Hearst, who generously fanned the flames of the Spanish-American war, making the sinking of the Maine, a U.S. warship, by the Spanish, into a casus belli. It was all a lie — the Maine exploded internally, on its own. No matter, a war was needed, and so with that decision made, a cause was created.

The real reasons for the war included a U.S. desire to take control of Cuba and to become a Pacific power by seizing the Spanish colony in the Philippines. Theodore Roosevelt, who was the Assistant Secretary of the Navy at this time, advocated for the war as a rally-round-the-flag event to heal the lingering wounds of the American Civil War, and as an excuse to increase the Navy's budget. After all, they sank our ship! The press would wait until WMDs were not created to ever be that compliant again.

It was very much the same story in Vietnam. Washington, imagining a global communist conspiracy rising from the ashes of WWII, began its war in Vietnam by proxy in 1945, soon funding the French struggle for years. By 1950 the first American military personnel were stationed in Saigon. When American advisors and casualties began to come to the public's attention, and successes by the other side began to pile up, the real American war got underway.

But with a more overt war, a more overt reason had to be found. That took the form of the 1964 Gulf of Tonkin incident: a claim that two American warships came under unprovoked attack by North Vietnam. What really happened was far from that, but it didn’t matter. Congress passed an enabling resolution and the war escalated as needed. They hurt our ships!

In the late 1990s, The Project for the New American Century think tank developed what neoconservatives were calling a compelling vision for American foreign policy based on a "benevolent global hegemony." They had nothing less in mind than a global war of occupation and regime change, focused on the Middle East. The war was set, but the problem lay in convincing the American people to support it. "The process of transformation," PNAC charged in its manifesto, "even if it brings revolutionary change, is likely to be a long one, absent some catastrophic and catalyzing event – like a new Pearl Harbor."

The new Pearl Harbor fell into their laps on 9/11. Even then, though, another made-up reason was needed to justify the invasion of Iraq, the jewel in the neocon planning. The Bush administration made a few attempts to link Saddam to 9/11 directly, then to terrorism generically, but none of it stuck with the public, correctly confused about why an attack largely planned, funded, and executed by Saudis, required a war in Iraq.

In the end the decision to stress the threat posed by Iraq's supposed weapons of mass destruction above all others was made for "bureaucratic" reasons, then-Deputy Defense Secretary Paul Wolfowitz said. "It was the one reason everyone could agree on." It really did not matter that it wasn't true.

This was followed by years of conflict under four presidents. Along the way mini-versions of the same game — war decided on first, reasons ginned up later — were run to justify invasions in Libya, Yemen, and Syria. It does not matter what is true because the incidents, real or imaginary, are just like buses; miss one and another will be along soon enough.

These wars, from the Maine to Iraq, had no Pearl Harbor. America was not attacked, it wanted to initiate the war itself, and created a false pretext for doing so. Unlike with the WMDs, there was no question the Japanese bombed Pearl and that this was an actual, unambiguous act of aggression. It did not require a lie or an explanation or some 1940s version of Colin Powell at the UN.

Which brings us to China, which appears to be the next war now searching for a reason.

"The Fight for Taiwan Could Come Soon," warns the Wall Street Journal, alongside nearly every other publication of note. President Biden has begun the propaganda spadework, declaring, “on my watch China will not achieve its goal to become the leading country in the world, the wealthiest country in the world, and the most powerful country in the world.” Is war imminent? Will it begin in Taiwan?

The reasons China has no reason to invade Taiwan are lengthy and cover the economic, military, and political spheres. There is no rational, risk vs. gain, reason for hostilities. But that is not what the historical playbook says matters. It may be the United States has already decided a bench clearing, superpower showdown is needed, eagle vs. dragon, for control of the Pacific. We just need to find a reason, given that China is unlikely to be a sport and invade Taiwan for us. You can lie about Iraq possessing weapons of mass destruction long enough to get a war started, but an actual Chinese invasion is a bridge too far for straight-up fabrication.

Now it is possible the war fever over China is just a con inside a con. It is possible the military industrial complex knows it will never fight an actual war, but is simply using the threat as a way to run up its budget. They remember how the lies about the "missile gap" with the Soviet Union exploded the military industrial complex budget following WWII. A Chinese threat requires endless spending on the good stuff — big carriers, submarines, and space forces — upping the ante even beyond the decades of spending in Afghanistan.

And then boom! As certain as the sun rising in the east is red, last week Air Force Secretary Frank Kendall said the U.S. was in an “arms race” with China over the development of hypersonic weapons that can evade missile defenses. His boss Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin lambasted China over its pursuit of hypersonic weapons, saying the activity “increases tensions in the region.” America faces a hypersonic weapons gap.

An arms race would be the best case scenario to come out of all the saber rattling over China. If that's all this is, it is well underway. But what if the U.S. has its mind set on a real war and needs a palatable reason?

So, a challenge to all readers. On a postcard addressed to the White House, what would be the declared justification for the U.S. going to war with China?

You can have fun with this — Beijing kidnaps Taylor Swift and a rescue mission escalates into full-on war? Or China is caught releasing a virus that disables global trade? Or geopolitically serious stuff about a struggle for rare earth minerals? No cheating with statements pretending to be reasons, like China is an "imminent threat," or declarations like "clear and present danger." Imagine you're a modern day Paul Wolfowitz, handed the fait accompli of war and tasked with ginning up a reason Americans will buy. But no "they sunk our ship" scenarios. Been there, done that.

*Editor's note: Citizen Kane quote updated for accuracy.

Thanks to our readers and supporters, Responsible Statecraft has had a tremendous year. A complete website overhaul made possible in part by generous contributions to RS, along with amazing writing by staff and outside contributors, has helped to increase our monthly page views by 133%! In continuing to provide independent and sharp analysis on the major conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East, as well as the tumult of Washington politics, RS has become a go-to for readers looking for alternatives and change in the foreign policy conversation. 

 

We hope you will consider a tax-exempt donation to RS for your end-of-the-year giving, as we plan for new ways to expand our coverage and reach in 2025. Please enjoy your holidays, and here is to a dynamic year ahead!

'Remember the Maine' US postal stamp. (1998)
Analysis | Asia-Pacific
Russia Putin
Russia's President Vladimir Putin speaks during a session of the Valdai Discussion Club in Sochi, Russia October 19, 2017. REUTERS/Alexander Zemlianichenko/Pool

Peace denied? Russian budget jacks up wartime economy

Europe

On December 1, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed the budget law for 2025-2027. The Duma had earlier approved the law on November 21, and the Federation Council rubber stamped it on November 27.

The main takeaway from the budget is that Russia is planning for the long haul in its war with NATO-backed Ukraine and makes clear that Russia intends to double down on defense spending no matter what the cost. While the increased budget does not shed light on expectations for a speedy resolution to the war, it is indicative that Moscow continues to prepare for conflict with both Ukraine and NATO.

keep readingShow less
Committee Hearing: The Imperative to Strengthen America's Defense Industrial Base and Workforce
Top Image Credit: Senate Committee Hearing: The Imperative to Strengthen America's Defense Industrial Base and Workforce (YouTube/Screenshot)

Industry: War with China may be imminent, but we're not ready

Military Industrial Complex

Military industry mainstays and lawmakers alike are warning of imminent conflict with China in an effort to push support for controversial deep tech, especially controversial autonomous and AI-backed systems.

The conversation, which presupposed a war with Beijing sometime in the near future, took place Wednesday on Capitol Hill at a hearing of the Select Committee on the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) entitled, “The Imperative to Strengthen America's Defense Industrial Base and Workforce.”

keep readingShow less
Diplomacy Watch: Still tap dancing around NATO for Kyiv

Diplomacy Watch: Still tap dancing around NATO for Kyiv

QiOSK

Kyiv and Moscow both hinted this week at their shifting expectations and preparations for a potentially approaching conclusion to the Ukraine War, amid a frantic push from the Biden administration to “put Ukraine in the strongest possible position” ahead of President-elect Trump’s inauguration in January.

National security adviser Jake Sullivan reiterated this goal as part of a Dec. 2 White House announcement of $725 million in additional security assistance for Ukraine, which will include substantial artillery, rockets, drones, and land mines and will be delivered “rapidly” to Ukraine’s front lines. The Kremlin said on Tuesday that the new package shows that the Biden administration aims to “throw oil on the fire” of the war before exiting office.

keep readingShow less

Election 2024

Latest

Newsletter

Subscribe now to our weekly round-up and don't miss a beat with your favorite RS contributors and reporters, as well as staff analysis, opinion, and news promoting a positive, non-partisan vision of U.S. foreign policy.