Follow us on social

1983-11-18t000000z_2064948171_mt1pra11341870_rtrmadp_3_pa-images-scaled

How Queen Elizabeth shepherded England out of Empire

She showed that her country could retain roots and tradition while accepting change and ultimately becoming something better.

Europe

Paradoxically, the most traditional of all British institutions — the 70-year reign of Queen Elizabeth II — played an important role in helping ease Britain’s transition into the contemporary world.

Part of the reason is that it was precisely the element of cultural and psychological stability and reassurance provided by the monarchy that made these immense changes easier to accept. However, in certain respects, the Queen herself also played a significant role.

At the most fundamental level, this has to do with the eternal values of duty, service, decency and self-discipline that Her Majesty exemplified. In the world of the Kardashians, Big Brother, and their analogues in the political realm, it may often seem as if these values are not just archaic and irrelevant, but utterly absurd. Yet — thank God! — there still lurks somewhere in our societies an awareness that in a real crisis, it is the permanent values that will see us through, if anything will.

The British monarchy’s role is of course a formal and ceremonial one, but we should not underestimate the colossal strain that it entails — especially in recent decades, when the monarchy has been exposed to the unbridled attentions of a debased and feral popular media. Three members of the Royal Family — Princess Diana, Prince Harry and Princess Meghan — have collapsed under the strain. 

The lowest moment for the monarchy during the Queen’s reign came with the popular hysteria that followed the death of Princess Diana; an episode that led a British friend of mine to remark bitterly (in a comparison to the quasi-religious cult of Evita Peron) that Argentina appeared to have won the Falklands War after all, and brought to Britain its own particular form of national religion. 

Nevertheless, she outlasted it all, her strong personal sense of duty and patriotism expressed in her moving speech at the start of the COVID pandemic:

“I hope in the years to come everyone will be able to take pride in how they responded to this challenge. And those who come after us will say the Britons of this generation were as strong as any. That the attributes of self-discipline, of quiet good-humoured resolve and of fellow-feeling still characterise this country. The pride in who we are is not a part of our past, it defines our present and our future…

And though self-isolating may at times be hard, many people of all faiths, and of none, are discovering that it presents an opportunity to slow down, pause and reflect, in prayer or meditation.

It reminds me of the very first broadcast I made, in 1940, helped by my sister. We, as children, spoke from here at Windsor to children who had been evacuated from their homes and sent away for their own safety. Today, once again, many will feel a painful sense of separation from their loved ones. But now, as then, we know, deep down, that it is the right thing to do.”

These words were meant to evoke the British spirit of the Second World War, and they derived their force not just from their eloquence, but also from the fact that the Queen herself had been a teenager during war, in which her husband, Prince Philip, had fought as a naval officer. Her maternal uncle was killed in the First World War. 

Her mother was speaking of Elizabeth and her sister when she said during the war that, “The children won’t go without me; I won’t leave the King; and the King will never leave.” When the Queen came to the throne in 1952, Winston Churchill was still Prime Minister. 

A central reason for the continued existence of a constitutional monarchy is to maintain a sense of enduring national identity and solidarity through preserving continuity with the past, while avoiding direct implication in political issues and rivalries, and to express this continuity through inherited public rituals — what Walter Bagehot called the “dignified” as opposed to the “efficient” aspect of the state.

The most successful monarchy in history from this point of view has been that of Japan, helped both by its fabulous antiquity and by the fact that (unlike almost any other monarchy), while the very embodiment of Japanese nationhood, it played an almost entirely ceremonial role for many hundreds of years. By representing the timeless existence of the Japanese nation, the monarchy helped the country successfully implement change without social collapse and anomie, first during the Meiji reforms of the later 19th Century, then after defeat and occupation in World War II.

The sheer length of Queen Elizabeth’s reign contributed to the timeless aspect of the monarchy. Only Queen Victoria came close to equalling her time on the throne, and her long reign, like Elizabeth’s, helped to ease the British path through intense economic and social change.

But of course there was a tremendous difference between the two long reigns. Victoria was Queen when Britain was the greatest industrial power on earth and the British Empire ruled more territory and more people than any other country in modern history. 

Queen Elizabeth’s reign took place during the time when Britain lost that empire, and also experienced long periods of relative (and sometimes absolute) economic decline. The country did recover from the ruinous conditions left by World War II (when Elizabeth came to the throne many products in Britain were still rationed), but the brave hopes of an “Elizabethan Renaissance” came to very little. 

Dean Acheson’s famous remark that Britain had “lost an empire, and not yet found a role” is still true today, and still rankles. The deep and painful traumas and confusions that the loss of empire produced helped many years later to produce Brexit, and enduring and dangerous British fantasies about playing the role of a great power on the world stage. Moreover, for almost half of Elizabeth’s reign, Britain was subject to an intense campaign of IRA terrorism, which claimed among its victims Admiral Mountbatten, the Queen’s uncle-in-law.

On the other hand, due to immigration, Britain during the Queen’s reign experienced a vast racial transformation. Some like Enoch Powell feared this could lead to “rivers of blood.” This has clearly not happened, and today, the British Conservative government – a Conservative government – is probably the most multiracial in the world, with three of four its top jobs held by people of color — something beyond the bounds of the wildest imagination when Her Majesty was crowned. 

The British public acceptance of this transformation has been due in no small part to the late Queen herself, and this in turn was linked to a curious and ironical twist of history: that the British Empire was of course a vast multiracial and multicultural state. This state was ruled by Whites (though often through the medium of local princes and chieftains), and later transformed into the Commonwealth, a politically and economically powerless body, but one valued not just on the Right, but by many on the Left of British politics, for its combination of a symbolic international role for Britain with its nature as a truly global, multinational, and multiracial institution.

The Queen’s role as head of the Commonwealth helped lead her to genuinely anti-racist positions, as in her clash with Margaret Thatcher over the need to take a strong line against Apartheid in South Africa. The formal and informal symbolism of this role was also important: witness this  photograph — astonishing for its time — of the young Queen grinning broadly while dancing with President Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana in 1961. Remarkable for its time, that is. 

That the legacy of the British Empire should have helped to produce a consensual multi-racial Britain, and that the Monarchy should have played a positive role in this, is a lesson in the moral complexities of history, and how old traditions can find new and positive purposes, as long as their roots in their societies and their basic moral principles both remain strong.


The Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh arrive at the Mahatma Gandhi memorial at Raj Ghat, Delhi. November 17, 1983. (Reuters)
Europe
Daniel Noboa, Xi Jinping
Top photo credit: Beijing, China.- In the photos, Chinese President Xi Jinping (right) and his Ecuadorian counterpart, Daniel Noboa (left), during a meeting in the Great Hall of the People, the venue for the main protocol events of the Chinese government on June 26, 2025 (Isaac Castillo/Pool / Latin America News Agency via Reuters Connect)

Why Ecuador went straight to China for relief

Latin America

Marco Rubio is visiting Mexico and Ecuador this week, his third visit as Secretary of State to Latin America.

While his sojourn in Mexico is likely to grab the most headlines given all the attention the Trump administration has devoted to immigration and Mexican drug cartels, the one to Ecuador is primarily designed to “counter malign extra continental actors,” according to a State Department press release.The reference appears to be China, an increasingly important trading and investment partner for Ecuador.

keep readingShow less
US Capitol
Top image credit: Lucky-photographer via shutterstock.com

Why does peace cost a trillion dollars?

Washington Politics

As Congress returns from its summer recess, Washington’s attention is turning towards a possible government shutdown.

While much of the focus will be on a showdown between Senate Democrats and Donald Trump, a subplot is brewing as the House and Senate, led by Republicans but supported by far too many Democrats, fight over how big the Pentagon’s budget should be. The House voted to give Trump his requested trillion dollar budget, while the Senate is demanding $22 billion more.

keep readingShow less
Yemen Ahmed al-Rahawi
Top image credit: Funeral in Sana a for senior Houthi officials killed in Israeli strikes Honor guard hold up a portraits of Houthi government s the Prime Minister Ahmed al-Rahawi and other officials killed in Israeli airstrikes on Thursday, during a funeral ceremony at the Shaab Mosque in Sanaa, Yemen, 01 September 2025. IMAGO/ via REUTERS

Israel playing with fire in Yemen

Middle East

“The war has entered a new phase,” declared Mohammed al-Bukhaiti, a senior official in Yemen’s Ansar Allah movement, after Israeli jets streaked across the Arabian Peninsula to kill the group’s prime minister and a swathe of his cabinet in Yemen’s capital, Sana’a.

The senior official from Ansar Allah, the movement commonly known as the Houthis, was not wrong. The strike, which Israel’s Defense Minister Israel Katz promised was “just the beginning,” signaled a fundamental shift in the cartography of a two-year war of attrition between the region’s most technologically advanced military and its most resilient guerrilla force.

The retaliation was swift, if militarily ineffective: missiles launched towards Israel disintegrated over Saudi Arabia. Internally, a paranoid crackdown ensued on perceived spies. Houthi security forces stormed the offices of the World Food Programme and UNICEF, detaining at least 11 U.N. personnel in a sweep immediately condemned by the U.N. Secretary General.

The catalyst for this confrontation was the war in Gaza, unleashed by Hamas’s October 7 attacks on Israel, which provided the Houthis with the ideological fuel and political opportunity to transform themselves. Seizing the mantle of Palestinian solidarity — a cause their leader, Abdul-Malik al-Houthi, frames as a “sacrifice in the cause of God Almighty ” — they graduated from a menacing regional actor into a global disruptor, launching missiles toward Israel just weeks after Hamas’s attacks and holding one of the world’s most vital shipping lanes hostage.

The chessboard was dangerously rearranged in May, when the Trump administration, eager for an off-ramp from a costly and ineffective air campaign, brokered a surprise truce with the Houthis. Mediated by Oman, the deal was simple: the U.S. would stop bombing Houthi targets, and the Houthis would stop attacking American ships. President Trump, in his characteristic style, claimed the Houthis had “capitulated” while also praising their “bravery.”

keep readingShow less

LATEST

QIOSK

Newsletter

Subscribe now to our weekly round-up and don't miss a beat with your favorite RS contributors and reporters, as well as staff analysis, opinion, and news promoting a positive, non-partisan vision of U.S. foreign policy.